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Theses and Dissertations

Title

Author

Abstract

Although Walt Disney's early animated feature films were successful, a variety of economic, operational, and external forces required him to continually be on the cutting edge of new ideas and technologies in order for his studio to continue operations. Latin America became the studio's source of inspiration in the early 1940s, sprouting from Walt Disney's involvement with the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs. Saludos Amigos and The Three Caballeros were the result. While many critics have decried Disney's involvement in Latin America as being an apparatus of cultural imperialism and economic exploitation, they almost universally give him credit for his pursuit of cultural authenticity within the films. They are, however, sparing in what ways such was done and are reticent in declaring that he fulfilled that quest. As one who was involved politically and economically in the shaping of a nation, with his enterprise benefiting as a result, Walt Disney can in fact be seen as a colonial, imperial power. Within Brazil, José Carioca was the 'monument' he erected to that end. Unlike full-fledged colonial figures in earlier centuries, however, his 'monument' was overall friendly and was not based on the image of a sovereign leader, but a character that was intended to be seen as native. Where Disney was bound by the interests of the government he represented, and consequentially the Brazilian government, his 'monument' was imbued with hues that were inherently skewed toward those entities; however, he worked within those parameters to present a credible image. This thesis seeks to substantiate those ways and how the original monument-like figure Disney erected in the Brazilian public square, the image of José Carioca in Saludos Amigos and The Three Caballeros, led to unity—and not division—as most imperial monuments had done in earlier centuries. A possible explanation as to how Disney's multiple nuanced iterations of the character leads to such critique of the original 'monument' will also be provided.

Degree

MA

College and Department

Humanities; Spanish and Portuguese

Rights

http://lib.byu.edu/about/copyright/

BYU ScholarsArchive Citation

Nelson, Andrew Kelly, 'José, Joe, Zé Carioca: Walt Disney's Good Neighbor Colonial 'Monument' in Brazil' (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 6246.
https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6246

Date Submitted

2017-02-01

Document Type

Thesis

Handle

http://hdl.lib.byu.edu/1877/etd9060

Keywords

José Carioca, Brazil, Walt Disney, OCIAA, Good Neighbor Policy, cultural imperialism, hybrid cultures, intercontinental representation, monument building

Language

english

Included in

COinS

José Carioca
First appearance	Saludos Amigos (1942)
Created by	The Walt Disney Company
Voiced by	José Oliveira (original) Rob Paulsen (1999-2020) Eric Bauza (Legend of the Three Caballeros, 2018-present) Bernardo De Paula (DuckTales)^[1]
In-universe information
Alias	Joe Carioca Zé Carioca
Species	Parrot
Gender	Male
Significant other	Maria Vaz (Only in the comics)
Relatives	Zico and Zeca (nephews)
Nationality	Brazilian

José 'Zé' Carioca (/hoʊˈzeɪkæriˈoʊkə/; Portuguese: [ʒuˈzɛ kɐˈɾjɔkɐ, - kɐɾiˈɔkɐ]) is a cartoonanthropomorphicparrot created by the Brazilian catoonist José Carlos de Brito (J. Carlos) and shown to Walt Disney in his trip to Rio de Janeiro in 1941. The Walt Disney Company, then, incorporated the idea, being introduced in the 1942 movie Saludos Amigos as a friend of Donald Duck, described by Time as 'a dapper Brazilianparrot, who is as superior to Donald Duck as the Duck was to Mickey Mouse'.^[2] He returned in the 1944 film The Three Caballeros along with Donald and a Mexican rooster named Panchito Pistoles. José is from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (thus the name 'Carioca', which is a term used for a person born in Rio de Janeiro).^[3]

Animation[edit]

In addition to Saludos Amigos and The Three Caballeros (the Latin American film pair), José appeared with Donald and the Aracuan Bird in the 'Blame It on the Samba' segment of the 1948 anthology feature Melody Time.

He also appeared in the segment 'Two Happy Amigos' in a 1960 episode of the anthology television series Walt Disney Presents. Much later, he was seen in the Disney Channel series Mickey Mouse Works and House of Mouse, as well as in two episodes of Mickey and the Roadster Racers alongside Panchito ('Mickey's Perfecto Day!' and 'Super-Charged: Daisy's Grande Goal'). He also made a brief cameo in the 1988 motion picture Who Framed Roger Rabbit.

In the Mickey Mouse short 'O Futebol Clássico', José is seen as the announcer of a Brazilian soccer game. He later appears with Donald and Panchito in '¡Feliz Cumpleaños!' as performers at Mickey's birthday and in 'Carnaval' as a performer in the parade.

José starred in the main role of Legend of the Three Caballeros, alongside Panchito Pistoles and Donald Duck, which was released on the Disney Life app.^[4] He is voiced by Eric Bauza in this version. He also appeared in the 2017 DuckTales series, voiced by Bernardo de Paula.^[1]

Comics[edit]

In the early 1940s, the Sunday-only Silly Symphony comic strip featured José Carioca, in a series running from Oct 11, 1942 to October 1, 1944. This was replaced by a Panchito strip, which ran for another year.^[5]

José is quite popular in Brazil, appearing alongside Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck in the local Disney comics. In Brazil, he is known as Zé Carioca ('Zé' being a familiar form for Portuguese name 'José', in much the same way 'Joe' is a familiar form for the English name 'Joseph').^[6] Between 1961^[7] and 2018,^[8] he had his Brazilian comic books, in which he is portrayed as living with his friends Nestor (an anthropomorphic crow), Afonsinho (an anthropomorphic duck), and Pedrão (an anthropomorphic dog), along with other characters: his nephews Zico and Zeca (also parrots), his girlfriend Maria Vaz (Portuguese: Rosinha Vaz, another anthropomorphic parrot), daughter of rich entrepreneur Rocha Vaz (an anthropomorphic toucan), and his romantic rival Zé Galo (an anthropomorphic rooster). Local production ended in 2001, but was restarted in 2012. José now has a pet, Old Tom, an alligator originated from the 1960s Studio Program duck stories. Since September 2020, new José stories are published by Culturama in the comic book Aventuras Disney.^[9]

Comics featuring Joe Carioca, as he is called in the Netherlands, appear occasionally in the DutchDonald Duck magazine.

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